Difference between revisions of "1860 U.S. Census"

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(→‎Comparison of Census Information, 1790-1940)
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For a state-by-state listing of census schedules, see [http://www.archives.gov/publications/microfilm-catalogs/census/1790-1890/index.html ''The 1790'1890 Federal Population Censuses: Catalog of National Archives Microfilm'']. For boundary changes and identification of missing census schedules, see Thorndale's and Dollarhide's [http://www.amazon.com/Guide-U-S-Federal-Censuses-1790-1920/dp/0806311886/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1269277868&sr=1-2 ''Map Guide to the U.S. Federal Censuses, 1790'1920''].
 
For a state-by-state listing of census schedules, see [http://www.archives.gov/publications/microfilm-catalogs/census/1790-1890/index.html ''The 1790'1890 Federal Population Censuses: Catalog of National Archives Microfilm'']. For boundary changes and identification of missing census schedules, see Thorndale's and Dollarhide's [http://www.amazon.com/Guide-U-S-Federal-Censuses-1790-1920/dp/0806311886/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1269277868&sr=1-2 ''Map Guide to the U.S. Federal Censuses, 1790'1920''].
  
−
=Comparison of Census Information, 1790-1930=
+
=Comparison of Census Information, 1790-1940=
  
  
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|1920
 
|1920
 
|1930
 
|1930
 +
|1940
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Name of family head only
 
|Name of family head only
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|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
−
|colspan="8"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="9"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Headcount by age, gender, ...
 
|Headcount by age, gender, ...
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|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
−
|colspan="8"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="9"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="4"|Standard census form
 
|colspan="4"|Standard census form
 +
|x
 +
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
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|x
 
|x
 
|-
 
|-
−
|colspan="7"|Names of all individuals
+
|colspan="8"|Names of all individuals
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
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|x
 
|x
 
|-
 
|-
−
|colspan="7"|Age
+
|colspan="8"|Age
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
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|x
 
|x
 
|-
 
|-
−
|colspan="7"|Sex
+
|colspan="8"|Sex
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
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|x
 
|x
 
|-
 
|-
−
|colspan="7"|Color
+
|colspan="8"|Color
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
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|x
 
|x
 
|-
 
|-
−
|colspan="7"|Profession or occupation
+
|colspan="8"|Profession or occupation
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
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|x
 
|x
 
|-
 
|-
−
|colspan="7"|Place of birth
+
|colspan="8"|Place of birth
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
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|x
 
|x
 
|-
 
|-
−
|colspan="7"|Attended school that year
+
|colspan="8"|Attended school that year
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
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|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 +
|x
 +
|-
 +
|colspan="15"|Highest grade completed
 
|x
 
|x
 
|-
 
|-
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|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
−
|colspan="4"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="4"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="7"|Read or write
 
|colspan="7"|Read or write
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|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 +
|colspan="2"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="7"|Deaf, blind, insane, idiotic, ...
 
|colspan="7"|Deaf, blind, insane, idiotic, ...
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|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
−
|colspan="2"|x
+
|x
−
|colspan="3"|x
+
|
 +
|x
 +
|colspan="4"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="7"|Real estate value
 
|colspan="7"|Real estate value
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
−
|colspan="6"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="5"|
 +
|x
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="8"|Personal estate value
 
|colspan="8"|Personal estate value
 
|x
 
|x
−
|colspan="6"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="6"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="7"|Separate slave schedule
 
|colspan="7"|Separate slave schedule
 
|x
 
|x
−
|colspan="7"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="7"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="9"|Father of foreign birth
 
|colspan="9"|Father of foreign birth
−
|colspan="6"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="6"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="9"|Mother of foreign birth
 
|colspan="9"|Mother of foreign birth
−
|colspan="6"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="6"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="11"|Month of birth
 
|colspan="11"|Month of birth
−
|colspan="4"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="4"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="9"|Month of birth that year
 
|colspan="9"|Month of birth that year
 
|x
 
|x
−
|colspan="5"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="5"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="9"|Male citizen over 21 years
 
|colspan="9"|Male citizen over 21 years
−
|colspan="6"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="6"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="9"|Male over 21 denied vote
 
|colspan="9"|Male over 21 denied vote
−
|colspan="6"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="6"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="7"|Visitation number of dwelling
 
|colspan="7"|Visitation number of dwelling
 +
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
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|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="7"|Visitation number of family
 
|colspan="7"|Visitation number of family
 +
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
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|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="10"|Street name in city
 
|colspan="10"|Street name in city
 +
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
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|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="10"|House number in city
 
|colspan="10"|House number in city
 +
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
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|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="10"|Relationship to family head
 
|colspan="10"|Relationship to family head
 +
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
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|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="10"|Marital status
 
|colspan="10"|Marital status
 +
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
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|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="9"|Month of marriage that year
 
|colspan="9"|Month of marriage that year
−
|colspan="6"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="6"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="10"|No. of months unemployed
 
|colspan="10"|No. of months unemployed
 
|x
 
|x
−
|colspan="4"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="4"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="10"|Father's birthplace
 
|colspan="10"|Father's birthplace
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|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 +
|sup
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="10"|Mother's birthplace
 
|colspan="10"|Mother's birthplace
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|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 +
|sup
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="10"|Sickness on census day
 
|colspan="10"|Sickness on census day
−
|colspan="5"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="5"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="11"|Year of birth
 
|colspan="11"|Year of birth
−
|colspan="4"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="4"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="11"|No. of years present marriage
 
|colspan="11"|No. of years present marriage
 
|x
 
|x
−
|colspan="3"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="3"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="11"|Mother how many children
 
|colspan="11"|Mother how many children
 
|x
 
|x
−
|colspan="3"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="2"|
 +
|sup
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="11"|Number of children living
 
|colspan="11"|Number of children living
 
|x
 
|x
−
|colspan="3"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="3"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="11"|Year of immigration to US
 
|colspan="11"|Year of immigration to US
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|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="11"|No. of years in US
 
|colspan="11"|No. of years in US
−
|colspan="4"|x
+
|x
 +
|colspan="4"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="11"|Naturalization status
 
|colspan="11"|Naturalization status
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|x
 
|x
 
|x
 
|x
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="11"|Months attended school
 
|colspan="11"|Months attended school
 
|x
 
|x
 +
|colspan="4"|
 
|}
 
|}
  

Revision as of 03:05, 1 May 2010

The United States Federal Census
Census-logo.jpg

This article is part of a series.
Overview of the U.S. Census
Finding and Reading U.S. Census Records
1790 U.S. Census
1800 U.S. Census
1810 U.S. Census
1820 U.S. Census
1830 U.S. Census
1840 U.S. Census
1850 U.S. Census
1860 U.S. Census
1870 U.S. Census
1880 U.S. Census
1890 U.S. Census
1900 U.S. Census
1910 U.S. Census
1920 U.S. Census
1930 U.S. Census
1940 U.S. Census
Census Indexes and Finding Aids
Using the Soundex with Census Records
Non-Population Schedules and Special Censuses
State and Local Censuses
Census Substitutes
African American Census Schedules
Reconstructed 1790 Census Schedules
Censuses of Native Americans
List of Useful Census References
Topics

This article originally appeared in "Census Records" by Loretto Dennis Szucs and Matthew Wright in The Source: A Guidebook to American Genealogy

The 1860 census began on 1 June 1860. The enumeration was completed within five months. The official census population count was 31,443,321.

Questions Asked in the 1860 Census

The census asked for the number of the dwelling house and the family, in order of visitation. For each free person, it asked for his or her name, age, sex, and color; the occupation of persons over age fifteen; the value of real estate; the value of his or her personal estate; the name of the state, territory, or country of his or her birth; whether the person was married during the year; whether the person attended school during the year. It indicated persons over twenty years of age who could not read and write; and whether the person was deaf-mute, blind, insane, an 'idiot,' a pauper, or a convict.

The information in the slave schedules is the same as those for 1850.

Other Significant Facts about the 1860 Census

The 1860 census was the first to ask the value of personal estates. As enumerations of districts were completed, the enumerator was instructed to make two additional copies: one to be filed with the clerk of the county court and one to be sent to the secretary of the state or territory. The original (or one of the copies) was to be sent to the Census Office for tabulation.

Enumerators were instructed to be as specific as possible concerning the state or territory of each person's birth if in the United States, or the country of birth if foreign born. For example, designations of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales and the German states of Prussia, Baden, Bavaria, Württemberg, and Hesse-Darmstadt were preferred to Great Britain and Germany.

Research Tips for the 1860 Census

Research strategies remain the same as those suggested for the 1850 census because the information included in the 1850 and 1860 schedules is essentially the same, except for the addition of the question concerning personal estates. While the added column may be a general indicator of a person's assets, it is doubtful that individuals were likely to disclose true figures, for fear of being taxed accordingly.

For a state-by-state listing of census schedules, see The 1790'1890 Federal Population Censuses: Catalog of National Archives Microfilm. For boundary changes and identification of missing census schedules, see Thorndale's and Dollarhide's Map Guide to the U.S. Federal Censuses, 1790'1920.

Comparison of Census Information, 1790-1940

Personal Info on Census 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940
Name of family head only x x x x x x
Headcount by age, gender, ... x x x x x x
Standard census form x x x x x x x x x x x x
Names of all individuals x x x x x x x x
Age x x x x x x x x
Sex x x x x x x x x
Color x x x x x x x x
Profession or occupation x x x x x x x x
Place of birth x x x x x x x x
Attended school that year x x x x x x x x
Highest grade completed x
Married that year x x x x x
Read or write x x x x x x x x
Deaf, blind, insane, idiotic, ... x x x x x
Real estate value x x x x
Personal estate value x x
Separate slave schedule x x
Father of foreign birth x
Mother of foreign birth x
Month of birth x
Month of birth that year x x
Male citizen over 21 years x
Male over 21 denied vote x
Visitation number of dwelling x x x x x x x x x
Visitation number of family x x x x x x x x x
Street name in city x x x x x x
House number in city x x x x x x
Relationship to family head x x x x x x
Marital status x x x x x x
Month of marriage that year x
No. of months unemployed x x
Father's birthplace x x x x x sup
Mother's birthplace x x x x x sup
Sickness on census day x
Year of birth x
No. of years present marriage x x
Mother how many children x x sup
Number of children living x x
Year of immigration to US x x x x
No. of years in US x
Naturalization status x x x x
Months attended school x

References

Coming soon...

External Links


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